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Optimal dome design considering member-related design constraints

Tugrul TALASLIOGLU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第5期页码 1150-1170 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0543-5

摘要： This study proposes to optimize the design of geometrically nonlinear dome structures. A new Multi-objective Optimization Algorithm named Pareto Archived Genetic Algorithm (PAGA), which has an ability of integrating the nonlinear structural analysis with the provisions of American Petroleum Institute specification is employed to optimize the design of ellipse and sphere-shaped dome configurations. Thus, it is possible to investigate how the qualities of optimal designations vary considering the shape, size, and topology-related design variables. Furthermore, the computing efficiency of PAGA is evaluated considering six multi-objective optimization algorithms and eight quality measuring indicators. It is shown that PAGA has a capability of both exploring an increased number of pareto solutions and predicting a pareto front with a higher convergence degree. Moreover, the inclusion of shape-related design variables leads to a decrease in both the weights of dome structures and their load-carrying capacities. However, the designer easily determines the most requested optimal design through the archiving feature of PAGA. Thus, it is also demonstrated that the proposed optimal design procedure increases the correctness degree in the evaluation of optimal dome designs through the tradeoff analysis. Consequently, PAGA is recommended as an optimization tool for the design optimization of geometrically nonlinear dome structures.

关键词： dome structure geometric nonlinearity multi-objective optimization API RP2A-LRFD

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Combustion and emissions of RP-3 jet fuel and diesel fuel in a single-cylinder diesel engine

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第5期页码 664-677 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0787-3

摘要： The combustion characteristics and emission behaviors of RP-3 jet fuel were studied and compared to commercial diesel fuel in a single-cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine. Engine operational parameters, including engine load (0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 MPa indicating the mean effective pressure (IMEP)), the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%), and the fuel injection timing (−20, −15, −10, and −5 ° crank angle (CA) after top dead center (ATDC)) were adjusted to evaluate the engine performances of RP-3 jet fuel under changed operation conditions. In comparison to diesel fuel, RP-3 jet fuel shows a retarded heat release and lagged combustion phase, which is more obvious under heavy EGR rate conditions. In addition, the higher premixed combustion fraction of RP-3 jet fuel leads to a higher first-stage heat release peak than diesel fuel under all testing conditions. As a result, RP-3 jet fuel features a longer ignition delay (ID) time, a shorter combustion duration (CD), and an earlier CA50 than diesel fuel. The experimental results manifest that RP-3 jet fuel has a slightly lower indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) compared to diesel fuel, but the ITE difference becomes less noticeable under large EGR rate conditions. Compared with diesel fuel, the nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions of RP-3 jet fuel are higher while its soot emissions are lower. The NO_x emissions of RP-3 can be effectively reduced with the increased EGR rate and delayed injection timing.

关键词： RP-3 jet fuel diesel engine combustion emissions

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An experimental study on spray auto-ignition of RP-3 jet fuel and its surrogates

Yaozong DUAN, Wang LIU, Zhen HUANG, Dong HAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 396-404 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0715-y

摘要： Jet fuel is widely used in air transportation, and sometimes for special vehicles in ground transportation. In the latter case, fuel spray auto-ignition behavior is an important index for engine operation reliability. Surrogate fuel is usually used for fundamental combustion study due to the complex composition of practical fuels. As for jet fuels, two-component or three-component surrogate is usually selected to emulate practical fuels. The spray auto-ignition characteristics of RP-3 jet fuel and its three surrogates, the 70% mol -decane/30% mol 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene blend (Surrogate 1), the 51% mol -decane/49% mol 1, 2, 4-trimethylbenzene blend (Surrogate 2), and the 49.8% mol -dodecane/21.6% mol -cetane/28.6% mol toluene blend (Surrogate 3) were studied in a heated constant volume combustion chamber. Surrogate 1 and Surrogate 2 possess the same components, but their blending percentages are different, as the two surrogates were designed to capture the H/C ratio (Surrogate 1) and DCN (Surrogate 2) of RP-3 jet fuel, respectively. Surrogate 3 could emulate more physiochemical properties of RP-3 jet fuel, including molecular weight, H/C ratio and DCN. Experimental results indicate that Surrogate 1 overestimates the auto-ignition propensity of RP-3 jet fuel, whereas Surrogates 2 and 3 show quite similar auto-ignition propensity with RP-3 jet fuel. Therefore, to capture the spray auto-ignition behaviors, DCN is the most important parameter to match when designing the surrogate formulation. However, as the ambient temperature changes, the surrogates matching DCN may still show some differences from the RP-3 jet fuel, e.g., the first-stage heat release influenced by low-temperature chemistry.

关键词： RP-3 jet fuel surrogate spray auto-ignition constant volume combustion chamber

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Experience gained in analyzing severe accidents for WWER RP using CC SOCRAT

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 872-886 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0796-2

摘要： The current Russian regulatory documents on the safety of nuclear power plant (NPP) specify the requirements regarding design basis accidents (DBAs) and beyond design basis accidents (BDBAs), including severe accidents (SAs) with core meltdown, in NPP design (NP-001-15, NP-082-07, and others). For a rigorous calculational justification of BDBAs and SAs, it is necessary to develop an integral CC that will be in line with the requirements of regulatory documents on verification and certification (RD-03-33-2008, RD-03-34-2000) and will allow for determining the amount of data required to provide information within the scope stipulated by the requirements for the structure of the safety analysis report (SAR) (NP-006-16). The system of codes for realistic analysis of severe accidents (SOCRAT) (formerly, thermohydraulics (RATEG)/coupled physical and chemical processes (SVECHA)/behavior of core materials relocated into the reactor lower plenum (HEFEST)) was developed in Russia to analyze a wide range of SAs at NPP with water-cooled water-moderated power-generating reactor (WWER) at all stages of the accident. Enhancements to the code and broadening of its applicability are continually being pursued by the code developers (Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBRAE RAN)) with OKB Gidropress JSC and other organizations. Currently, the SOCRAT/1 code can be used as a base tool to obtain realistic estimates for all parameters important for computational justification of the reactor plant (RP) safety at the in-vessel stage of SAs with fuel melting. To perform analyses using CC SOCRAT/1, the experience gained during execution of thermohydraulic codes is applied, which allows for minimizing the uncertainties in the results at the early stage of an accident scenario. This study presents the results of the work performed in 2010–2020 in OKB Gidropress JSC using the CC SOCRAT/1. Approaches have been considered to develop calculational models and analyze SAs using CC SOCRAT. This process, which is clearly structured in OKB Gidropress JSC, provides a noticeable reduction in human involvement, and reduces the probability of erroneous results.

关键词： system of codes for realistic analysis of severe accidents (SOCRAT) design basis accidents (DBAs) severe accidents (SAs) computer code (CC) nuclear power plant (NPP) design water-cooled water-moderated (WWER) modeling model safety requirements

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High-order moment methods for LRFD including random variables with unknown probability distributions

Zhao-Hui LU, Yan-Gang ZHAO, Zhi-Wu YU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 288-295 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0210-1

摘要： The reliability-based load and resistance factors design (LRFD) has been widely used in the structural design codes. In almost all of the current reliability methods for the determination of the load and resistance factors, the basic random variables are assumed to have known probability distributions. However, in reality, the probability distributions of some of the basic random variables are often unknown due to the lack of statistical data. In this paper, the high-order moment methods for LRFD including random variables with unknown probability distributions are proposed. From the investigation of the present paper, it can be concluded that: 1) The load and resistance factors can be determined even when the probability distributions of the basic random variables are unknown; 2) The present method is convenient and more effective in estimating the load and resistance factors in practical engineering since it needs neither the iterative computation of derivatives nor any design points; 3) In the applicable range of the high-order moment method, although the load and resistance factors obtained by the proposed method may be different from those obtained by first order reliability method (FORM), the target mean resistances obtained by both methods are essentially the same.

关键词： high-order moment methods applicable range load and resistance factors target mean resistance

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API-based assessment on urban air environment bearing capability in China

Jinnan WANG,Jing ZHANG,Hongqiang JIANG,Yaling LU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第6期页码 1049-1055 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0662-0

摘要： Given the complexity and time-consuming of the conventional environmental capacity based assessment on air environment carrying capacity; a new method for assessing urban air environment carrying capacity based on air pollution index (API) is presented. By using this new method, the air environmental bearing capability of 333 cities at the prefecture level and above is assessed. The results show that of the 333 cities 9.6% is of high bearing capability, 34.5% relatively high bearing capability, 52.6% medium bearing capability, 2.7% low capability, and 0.6% is of weak bearing capability; in terms of regional distribution, the western region is of relatively high air environment bearing capability, followed by north-eastern and eastern regions, and the ambient air quality in the middle region is quite poor; among the 12 urban agglomerations in key regions, Pearl River delta, west side of Taiwan Strait and Chengdu-Chongqing agglomerations are of relatively high carrying capacity while other agglomerations are of medium bearing capability. The assessment results imply that the existing air quality standard (GB3095-1996) is quite unsound.

关键词： air pollution index (API) air environment bearing capability key city assessment method

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淀粉基API胶合木胶接结构破坏模式及失效机理

时君友,徐文彪,王淑敏

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第4期页码 40-44

摘要：

以淀粉基水性高分子异氰酸酯（API）胶合木胶接结构为研究对象，以胶接的压缩剪切强度为评估指标，通过加速湿热老化试验对胶接结构的破坏模式和失效机理进行了研究

关键词：胶接结构加速湿热老化断裂性质破坏模式

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一种用于程序约束挖掘的过采样方法 None

Deng CHEN, Yan-duo ZHANG, Wei WEI, Rong-cun WANG, Xiao-lin LI, Wei LIU, Shi-xun WANG, Rui ZHU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第19卷第6期页码 737-754 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601783

摘要：自动协议挖掘是获取精确而完备的API使用协议的有效方法。然而，与其它数据挖掘应用类似，自动协议挖掘方法需要足够多训练数据（即对象使用场景）作为输入。为了验证效果，在前期API使用协议动态挖掘原型工具ISpecMiner中集成上述方法并开展实验研究。实验采用扩展后的ISpecMiner从多个实际的程序中挖掘API使用协议。不仅如此，对比实验结果表明本文方法有利于挖掘更加精确而完备的API使用协议。特别值得关注的是，本文方法适用于无法实例化的类并挖掘出其API使用协议。这类API使用协议对于验证软件架构、程序说明和理解具有重要意义。虽然本文方法会增加一定的运行开销，但其仍在可接受范围内。

关键词：对象使用场景；API协议挖掘；程序时序约束挖掘；过采样

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A new slicing method of reverse engineering based on the principle of refraction and reflection

LIU Ya-xiong, ZONG Xue-wen, TANG Yi-ping, LU Bing-heng

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第3期页码 323-328 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0041-z

摘要： The traditional slicing method of reverse engineering has been used in product measure from time immemorial. This method however has the disadvantage of low contrast of the cross-sectional pictures of an object. In order to overcome the said shortcoming, a new slicing method of reverse engineering, based on the principle of refraction and reflection of a prism, has been propounded. According to the reflectivity of the object, one of the illuminating methods straight illuminating or inclined illuminating is adopted. These methods can enable one to obtain the image of the cross-section of a bright object with a dark background or the opposite. Experiments have proved to show the advantages of this new slicing method for high contrast of the cross-sectional pictures. To eliminate geometrical distortions caused by the refraction and reflection of the prism, a mathematical transformation model can be set up to correct the image by using relevant software. Eventually, a RP model of a temporomandibular joint fabricated according to its slicing pictures is illustrated.

关键词： immemorial RP reflection mathematical transformation temporomandibular

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Improvement in the synthesis of 2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(Z)-methoxyiminoacetic acid 2-benzothiazolyl

GAO Shihao, SUN Chenghui, ZHAO Xinqi, GAO Changquan

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 80-84 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0017-0

摘要： 2-(5-Amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(Z)-methoxyiminoacetic acid 2-benzothiazolyl thioester(III), an important intermediate of the fourth generation cephalosporins, was efficiently synthesized by reacting 2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(Z)-methoxyiminoacetic acid (I) with 2,2′-dibenzothiazole disulfide (II) in the presence of triphenylphosphine. Effects of reaction time, temperature, solvents, catalysts and feeding molar ratio on the yield and quality of products were investigated, and an improved procedure suitable for industrial production was established. Using 1,2-dichloroethane as solvent, triphenylphosphine as reducer, and triethylamine as catalyst, (I) : (II) : (triphenylphosphine) = 1.0 : 1.0 : 1.0, the product was obtained at room temperature in 98.1% yield. The purity of the product without further purification is 98.7% determined by HPLC method. This procedure could be a suitable alternative to the traditional processes because of its easy handling, high yield and low cost.

关键词： 5-Amino-1 2 4-thiadiazol-3-yl 1 2-dichloroethane important intermediate 2-benzothiazolyl thioester temperature

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Effect of TiO 2 loading on the activity of V/TiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 in the catalytic oxidehydrogenation of ethylbenzene

Xiaohong LI, Wenying LI,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 142-146 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0233-2

摘要： TiO-AlOmixed oxides with different compositions ranging from 40wt-% to 95wt-% of TiO were prepared by sol-gel method and impregnated with different amounts of VO. Supports and catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), physisorption, temperature preprogrammed reduction (H-TPR), and ammonia temperature programmed desorption (NH-TPD). TiO content in the support had obvious effect on the crystal structure, texture characteristic, acid property, and catalytic activity in dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene (EB) with carbon dioxide. The highest catalytic activity was acquired when the TiO content was 50 wt-%.

关键词： desorption different TiO-AlOmixed physisorption ethylbenzene

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Al₂O₃ and CeO₂-promoted MgO sorbents for CO₂ capture at moderate

Huimei Yu, Xiaoxing Wang, Zhu Shu, Mamoru Fujii, Chunshan Song

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 83-93 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1691-6

摘要： A series of Al O and CeO modified MgO sorbents was prepared and studied for CO sorption at moderate temperatures. The CO sorption capacity of MgO was enhanced with the addition of either Al O or CeO . Over Al O -MgO sorbents, the best capacity of 24.6 mg-CO /g-sorbent was attained at 100 °C, which was 61% higher than that of MgO (15.3 mg-CO /g-sorbent). The highest capacity of 35.3 mg-CO /g-sorbent was obtained over the CeO -MgO sorbents at the optimal temperature of 200 °C. Combining with the characterization results, we conclude that the promotion effect on CO sorption with the addition of Al O and CeO can be attributed to the increased surface area with reduced MgO crystallite size. Moreover, the addition of CeO increased the basicity of MgO phase, resulting in more increase in the CO capacity than Al O promoter. Both the Al O -MgO and CeO -MgO sorbents exhibited better cyclic stability than MgO over the course of fifteen CO sorption-desorption cycles. Compared to Al O , CeO is more effective for promoting the CO capacity of MgO. To enhance the CO capacity of MgO sorbent, increasing the basicity is more effective than the increase in the surface area.

关键词： CO₂ capture MgO sorbents Al₂O₃ CeO₂ flue gas

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以净零排放为目标的封存驱动型CO₂提高采收率方法 Article

刘月亮, 芮振华

《工程（英文）》 2022年第18卷第11期页码 79-87 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.02.010

摘要：可通过驱油过程将CO₂封存在油藏地质体中，因此，CO₂驱油与封存被视为降低CO₂排放的重要手段之一。本研究提出了一种新型的CO₂提高采收率（EOR）方法，即封存驱动型CO₂提高采收率，其主要目标是通过在油藏中封存尽可能多的CO₂来实现CO结果表明，DME可提高CO₂在原油中的溶解度，有利于CO₂的溶解封存；可抑制因CO₂的抽提作用造成的原油轻质组分“逃逸&rdquo封存驱动型CO₂ EOR方法在提高波及效率方面优于传统的CO₂ EOR，尤其是在采油后期更为明显；同时，封存驱动型CO₂ EOR比传统的此外，通过封存驱动型CO₂ EOR封存的CO₂量远超采出原油燃烧产生的碳排放总量。

关键词： CO₂ EOR CO₂净排放量二甲醚封存驱动型CO₂ EOR CO₂封存

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The stabilization effect of Al₂O₃ on unconventional Pb/SiO₂ catalyst

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第10期页码 1423-1429 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2315-y

摘要： Similar to Sn, Pb located at the same group (IVA) in the periodic table of elements, can also catalyze propane dehydrogenation to propene, while a fast deactivation can be observed. To enhance the stability, the traditional carrier Al₂O₃ with a small amount, was introduced into Pb/SiO₂ catalyst in this study. It has been proved that Al₂O₃ can inhibit the reduction of PbO, and weaken the agglomeration and loss of Pb species due to its enhanced interaction with Pb species. As a result, 3Al15Pb/SiO₂ catalyst exhibits a much higher stability up to more than 150 h. In addition, a simple schematic diagram of the change of surface species on the catalyst surface after Al₂O₃ addition was also proposed.

关键词： Pb/SiO₂ Al₂O₃ propane dehydrogenation propene stability

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Biodegradation of 2-methylisoborneol by bacteria enriched from biological activated carbon

Rongfang YUAN, Beihai ZHOU, Chunhong SHI, Liying YU, Chunlei ZHANG, Junnong GU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 701-710 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0367-6

摘要： One of the most common taste and odour compounds (TOCs) in drinking water is 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) which cannot be readily removed by conventional water treatments. Four bacterial strains for degrading 2-MIB were isolated from the surface of a biological activated carbon filter, and were characterized as spp., spp., spp. and spp. based on 16S rRNA analysis. The removal efficiencies of 2-MIB with initial concentrations of 515 ng·L were 98.4%, 96.3%, 95.0%, and 92.8% for spp., spp., spp. and spp., respectively. These removal efficiencies were slightly higher than those with initial concentration at 4.2 mg·L (86.1%, 84.4%, 86.7% and 86.0%, respectively). The kinetic model showed that biodegradation of 2-MIB at an initial dose of 4.2 mg·L was a pseudo-first-order reaction, with rate constants of 0.287, 0.277, 0.281, and 0.294 d , respectively. These degraders decomposed 2-MIB to form 2-methylenebornane and 2-methyl-2-bornane as the products.

关键词： 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) biodegradation 2-methylenebornane 2-methyl-2-bornane pseudo-first-order reaction